Liu Zhengmin's Grammar Book Study - 1

The 1st chapter: noun, and -ing

1. noun vs. -ing
noun emphasize on state or result
-ing emphasize on action

2. the -ing, a -ing
if a corresponding noun exists, should use noun

3. use "the" to specialize
a + noun, or nouns, represent general stuff

4. a of b, a is the core noun

5. of vs that
5.1 distinguish core noun
5.2 a fact that, importance of, conclusion of, conclusion that
5.3 abstract noun of (short noun)

6. modifier for noun
6.1 n. + adj, ex. the jobs available to Women
6.2 n. + jiechi, ex. a child with reading problems
6.3 adv. + V. -ed + n, ex, seemingly limited number
6.4 n. + v. -ed / -ing
6.5 n., v. ed / -ing, that ...
6.6 n., which ..., of sth.

7. -ing
7.1 adhere to, attribute to, contribute to, resort to, assent to, aspire to, appeal to, attach to, yield to, look forward to, object to
7.2 advocate, appreciate, avoid, deny, enjoy, fancy, imagine, justify, miss, postpone, practice, prevent, quit, resist, risk, suggest, warrant